In the era of digital economy, the telecommunications industry has accumulated a large amount of business data, which contains huge commercial value. With the large-scale deployment of 5G, the network architecture on which telecom data relies is iteratively upgraded. The emergence of complex application scenarios such as the Internet of Things and the Internet of Vehicles has made the network system of the telecommunications industry develop towards the characteristics of large volume, wide distribution, and frequent circulation. With the improvement of policies and regulations on data rights transactions, the hidden value of data in the telecommunications industry is gradually being utilized and released through data sharing, but data has also become a key target of cyber attacks. Once leaked during the development and utilization of telecommunications data, it may endanger personal information security, public interests and even national security. To this end, this paper conducts an in-depth discussion on the data security governance system of telecom enterprises by sorting out the data security regulatory rules of the telecom industry.